It was initiated by sepoys in the Bengal Presidency against the British officers,  marking the beginning to the end of rule by the British East India company. TOS He was driven by conviction to bring all the Indian states ruled by local rulers into the fold of British administration. Write a short note on the Revolt of 1857 in India. This incident sparked off a general mutiny among the sepoys of Meerut. In late March 1857 a sepoy named Mangal Pandey attacked British officers at the military garrison in Barrackpore.He was arrested and then executed by the British in early April. The revolt of 1857 was initiated due to various factors which are stated below: Religious & Social Causes – racism or racial discrimination was believed to be a major reason for the revolt of 1857 wherein Indians were exploited and were kept away from mixing with Europeans. The immediate cause of military disaffection was the deployment of the new breech-loading Enfield rifle, the cartridge of which was purportedly greased with pork and beef fat. The most important cause of popular discontent was the British policy of economically exploiting India. The Revolt of 1857 seemed to call the very presence of the British into question, What are the main causes for the Failure of the Revolt of 1857, Controlling in Management # Meaning, Definition, Types, Process, Steps and Techniques. The rebels seized Delhi and declared the Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar as the emperor of India. The EIC returned to being just a trading organization. Military and 6. This hurt all sections of society. 6. Who was Governor General of India during 1857 mutiny? Later in April sepoy troopers at Meerut refused the Enfield cartridges, and, as punishment, they were given long prison terms, fettered, and put in jail. Artisans and craftsmen were ruined by the large-scale influx of cheap British manufactured goods into India which, in turn, made their hand-made goods uneconomical to produce. How you can use Entri app for your exam preparation: Hope you have benefited from this article. The Revolt or uprising of 1857 was a valiant effort by disgruntled Indian sepoys to overthrow the colonial power from Indian shores, however, it ended in failure. Immediate causes. REVOLT OF 1857 Causes of the revolt of 1857 These are broadly categorized into four parts: Political causes: LORD DALHOUSIE: A. Doctrine of lapse. 9. Who led the rebellion against the British at  Kanpur? One of the important events of Indian history is the Revolt of 1857. As a result, there was an increase in dissatisfaction and hatred against British rule among different sections of Indian society. Download Entri & get free monthly current affairs capsule PSC mock tests. British rule had adversely affected the interest of almost all sections of society and severely affected the way of life in India. This punishment incensed their comrades, who rose on May … It deeply hurt the sentiments of the Company’s sepoys because most of them came from Awadh. By AD 1857, the stage was set for a massive revolt. Economic Causes: Added to political and administrative distrust for the British East India Company, … The rebellion. PreserveArticles.com: Preserving Your Articles for Eternity. In this article we will discuss about the Revolt of 1857 and its causes and effects. The Revolt of 1857 is also called as Sepoy Mutiny, the Indian Mutiny, the Great Rebellion, the Indian Insurrection, and the First War of Independence. The belief that their religion was under threat, united all sections of society against a common enemy. After the outbreak of the mutiny in Meerut, the rebels quickly reached Delhi  and proclaimed Bahadur Shah Zafar as emperor of India. The order that forbade the sepoys from wearing caste and sectarian marks hurt their sentiments deeply. There were political, economic, social, religious and military causes of the revolt. Peasants had to pay even higher revenue and additional taxes were imposed. Revolt of 1857 is known as the biggest revolt by Indians against the foreigners, forcing them to leave our motherland India. 2. On the other hand, there are also scholars who view the Revolt of 1857 as Sepoy Mutiny. This hurt the Indian muslims and Hindus religious ideologies and they refused to use the Enfield rifle. Almost half the Indian soldiers not only did not Revolt but fought against their own countrymen. Various reasons has led to the revolt. The main impact of Revolt of 1857 was the dissolution of the East India Company(EIC). Samajho All India UPSC Prelims Test Series: https://premium.samajho.com This is a Must Watch video for those who are preparing for any Entrance Exam. But it was not simply a revolt of sepoys. Our mission is to liberate knowledge. Stated thal heirs adopted without the approval of the Compay would only inherit the private property of the owner and the territories would be seized by the Company. Only a spark was needed to set the country ablaze. 10. This disaffection ultimately led to a mass uprising which we know today as the revolt of 1857. Find the incorrect match for the centre of the revolt and associated british officer. The Revolt of 1857 was described as ‘The first war of Independence’ by. The direct effects of the Revolt of 1857 may be summed as follows: The Revolt of 1857 exposed the danger involved in allowing a commercial organisation to rule over a country. Economic cause: The Great Revolt of 1857 was also an outburst of grievances due to the economic exploitation of the company. Princely states were promised partial autonomy while remaining under British protection. As they were … Religion 5. British expansionist policies, most of Raja’s, Nawab’s and zamindar’s, were either dispossessed or became subsidiary to the British 2. Government of India Act 1858 was passed, according to which the army, financial system, was reorganized and was administered directly by the British government in the new British Raj. 3. The rebellion against colonialisation of British East India Company, began on 10th  May, 1857, in the form of a mutiny by sepoys of the Company’s army in the garrison town of Meerut and this led to further mutinies by civilian rebellions in other parts of India mainly in upper Gangetic plain and central India. It was estimated that not more than one fourth of the total area and not more than one tenth of the total population was affected. The immediate cause of the Indian Revolt of 1857, or Sepoy Mutiny, was a seemingly minor change in the weapons used by the British East India Company's troops. The self-confidence of the British and their plans for the rapid westernization of India through social reforms were shattered. What was the immediate cause of the Revolt of 1857? The revolt of 1857 is an important marker in Indian History, and is an area where questions have repeatedly featured in the Civil Services (Prelims) and Civil Services (Mains) Examinations conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). May 1, 2018 by Study Mentor Leave a Comment. The policy of taxing lands belonging to temples and mosques lent further support to this idea. The Revolt of 1857 is an important topic in almost every competitive exams. Ravi Yadav PCS 212,049 views 14:12 The rebellion was first started by sepoys of the company’s army on May 10, 1857 at Meerut. To which regiment did Mangal Pandey belong? An uprising in several sepoy companies of the Bengal army was sparked by the issue of new gunpowder cartridges for the Enfield rifle in February 1857. This War is regarded as the most remarkable one which took place after the British came to India and began to establish their rule. Its cartridges were covered with a greased paper cover. At this time, the Enfield rifle was introduced in the army. India’s traditional economy collapsed as a result of the British ‘investment’ policies and revenue administration. It is also referred to as “First war of Independence”but ended up in a failure. 5. Another cause of sepoy discontent was the withdrawal of the Foreign Service allowance (‘batta’), which the sepoys were getting for fighting outside the country. The economic policies of the British were mainly exploitative and led to the severe destruction of the Indian economy. The social reforms introduced by the British were looked upon with suspicion by the conservative sections of the Indian society. Before publishing your Article on this site, please read the following pages: 1. So also the Act of 1816 which required the new recruits to travel overseas, if needed. Sepoys had to open the greased cartridge with one’s teeth to load the Enfield rifle. Social 4. The immediate cause of the Revolt of 1857 was the incident of the greased cartridge. India - India - The mutiny and great revolt of 1857–59: When soldiers of the Bengal army mutinied in Meerut on May 10, 1857, tension had been growing for some time. Let's discuss these causes in detail; 1. The British policy of territorial annexations led to the displacement of a large number of rulers and chiefs. The annexation of Awadh, on grounds of misgovernment, was greatly resented. Although the revolt of 1857 was a failure, but this helped in sowing the seeds of nationalism among the Indians. This is your chance to win amazing discounts! They one by one became victims of British expansionism 4… Wherein  the sepoys were Indian soldiers who were recruited into the Company’s army. Bahadur Shah was arrested at Humanyun’s tomb and exiled to Rangoon where he died in 1862 bringing the Mughal dynasty to an end. For which he started to use doctrine of lapse. The Hindu sepoys resented this as according to the popular Hindu belief, travel across the sea led to a loss of caste. A) Delhi ------------- … Prior to the rebellion, the BEIC had imposed a new law ‘doctrine of lapse’ and the policy ‘subsidiary alliance’, which deprived Indian ruler of their kingdoms . Revolt of 1857 is considered as a watershed movement in history. You can access full length mock tests and previous year question papers. But, the causes of the Revolt of 1857 remains the same. He refused to use the cartridges and was subsequently hanged. On 9 May 1857, they were severely punished for this. This seems to have been a very important reason for the spread of the rebellion, Heavy taxation and land annexations by the British East Indian Company (BEIC) led to a large number of peasants losing their land, were another reason  for the uprising. One of the main cause for uprising in several sepoy companies of the Bengal army was because of the  introduction of new gunpowder cartridges for the Enfield rifle. The revolutionary leader who conducted guerrilla warfare against British during 1857 revolt? which angered the local ruler, who had to now live i… The annexation was widely seen as a blatant act of back-stabbing by the British. The era of annexation and expansion ended. The company’s trade policy destroyed Indian handicrafts. On 10 May 1857, these rebel soldiers killed their British officers, released their imprisoned comrades and hoisted the flag of revolt. Causes for the failure of Revolt 1857. The British provided no alternative source of employment to the people who lost their jobs due to the dissolution of the Nawab’s administration. Many causes led to the outbreak of Revolt of 1857. But eventually everything took a toll  when the rebellion was contained by British East India Company by end of 1857 and beginning of 1858. Subsidiary alliance and Doctrine of Lapsepolicy hampered the interests of the rulers of the native states 3. On 11 May 1857, they reached Delhi. In order to open the cartridges and load the rifles, soldiers (known as sepoys) had to bite into the paper and tear it with their teeth. There was diverse reasons like political, economic, military, religious and social reasons for the uprising of revolt against the tyranny of British East India company. A corrupt and unresponsive administration added to the miseries of the people. Entri wishes you all the best for your upcoming exams. The administration did nothing to mitigate these fears and Hindu and Muslim sepoys felt their religion was in grave … Under this spurious doctrine, he annexed Satara, Sambalpur, Jhansi and Nagpur etc. Also these were seen as steps towards forced conversion to Christianity. It was the first great struggle of the Indians for freedom from British imperialism. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Historians have identified diverse political, economic, military, religious and social causes of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. This turned them against the British. The Revolt of 1857  was a major outbreak but ultimately unsuccessful, uprising in India in 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company. 8.) The vigorous application of the policies of Subsidiary Alliance and Doctrine of Lapse angered the ruling sections of the society. The Nawabs of Awadh had always been loyal to the British. The Indians, however, developed a deep racial bitterness towards the English and opposed the inferior status granted to them. Assam PSC Junior Engineer (Civil) Screening Test Admit Card, List of 28 States of India and their Capitals and Languages, New Map of India with States and Capitals, List of government banks in India: All you need to know, Kerala PSC LDC Syllabus and Exam Pattern 2020, Kerala PSC 10th Level Preliminary Syllabus 2020. Here, they were joined by the local infantry. What was the character of the Revolt of 1857? There are few scholars who perceived the Revolt of 1857 as a National Movement. Since they worked against the interests of Indian trade and industry, Indian handicrafts completely collapsed and British trading policies destroyed the Indian cottage industry. Causes of Revolt of 1857. Also the British East India Company had abandoned its policy of non-interference in the social and religious life of the Indians. The increasing activities of the Christian missionaries and the actual conversions made by them were taken as a proof of this fear. As the Hindus consider the cow sacred and the Muslims do not eat pit’s meat, both these communities were enraged at such a blatant attempt to harm their religion. The Revolt of 1857 convinced the British the futility of interfering in the traditional socio-religious customs of India. The British East India Company had recently introduced the Enfield rifle; the cartridge of the new rifle had to be bitten off before loading and the grease was reportedly made of beef and pig fat. This incident, popularly known as the Greased Cartridges Incident, became the immediate cause of the revolt. Under the doctrine of lapse, the British annexed any Indian state where the ruler did not have a male heir. They were paid much less than the British soldiers. Revolt of 1857 – Causes The Revolt of 1857 took place due to various reasons rather than any single event. People who made a living by following religious and cultural pursuits lost their source of livelihood due to the withdrawal of royal patronage caused by the displacement of the old ruling classes. Why was the Revolt a failure? Enter your email address and spin the wheel. Entri is the largest exam preparation platform for all Banking, SSC, Railway and State Level PSC exam like Kerala PSC, APPSC, TNPSC, TSPSC in local languages, © 2020 Entri.app - Privacy Policy | Terms of Service. The causes for the revolt of 1987 was can categorized under 1. 4. He belonged to the 34th Infantry stationed at Barrackpore. The social discrimination faced by the Indians due to the British attitude of racial superiority also led to much resentment. The annexation of Awadh inflamed their strong feelings against foreign rule. Indians were agitated with the company because increased tax on land. CAUSES OF REVOLT. Here we outline the various political and economic factors that helped cause the revolt. The first soldier to protest against using the greased cartridges was Mangal Pandey. The peasants suffered due to high revenue demands and the strict revenue collection policy. Educated Indians were denied promotions and appointments to high office. The causes include many factors such as Political, Economic, Social, Religious and Military causes. The sepoys were Indian soldiers who were recruited into the Company's army. Content Guidelines Besides, they had other grievances. Ruin of the Mercantile Class. PreserveArticles.com is a free service that lets you to preserve your original articles for eternity. The strong opposition to the social legislation especially coming from the orthodox elements in both the Hindu and the Muslim community put the British on the defensive. All avenues of the promotion were closed to them as all the higher army posts were reserved for the British. The revolt of 1857 was a landmark event in the history of India. Check us for further details. Many Indian Hindus were not happy with legal changes introduced by the British which led to prohibitions few Indian religious customs such as Abolition of Sati (1829), Hindu Widow Remarriage Act (1856). Main article: Causes of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 The Indian Rebellion of 1857 occurred as the result of an accumulation of factors over time, rather than any single event. The Indian Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 is also known as the Great Revolt, Indian Rebellion, the Great Uprising and the Great Rebellion of 1857. The British deliberately crippled Indian trade and … The Company had upgraded to the new Pattern 1853 Enfield rifle, which used greased paper cartridges. PreserveArticles.com is an online article publishing site that helps you to submit your knowledge so that it may be preserved for eternity. Then British Governor-General of India, Lord Dalhousie (1848 to 1856) who passed the Widow Remarriage Act of 1856 also passed decrees allowing Hindus who had converted to Christianity to be able to inherit property, which had previously been denied by local practice. The Indian sepoys were looked upon as inferior beings and treated with contempt by their British officers. Political Causes 3. Download Entri & get free Kerala PSC mock tests, The Revolt of 1857 took place due to various reasons rather than any single event. Indian economy now suffered under the British policies. That is why it is also called sepoy Mutiny. Moreover, even under the new regime, the people of Awadh got no relief from oppression. Introduced by Lord Dalhousie. Thus British government passed Government of India Act 1858 on August 2, 1858, according to which the power that the company enjoyed was snatched and a direct rule was established. 1857 की क्रांति ||Revolt of 1857 history in Hindi || modern history of india in hindi || part 1 - Duration: 14:12. South India remained quiet and Punjab and Bengal were only marginally affected. Revolt of 1857 - its causes and effects The causes which caused resentment against the British rule was Economic, Political, Socio-religious and Military. Revolt of 1857 : History, Causes, Effects, Outcome. 5. Indian soldiers formed seven-eighth of the total British troops in India. Historians like Sir John Seeley called the revolt a mere sepoy mutiny with no popular support and native leadership. That spark was provided by as small a thing as a rifle cartridge. Rani Lakshmi Bai and Nana Sahib became bitter enemies of the British and led to the revolt in their respective territories. 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